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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "https://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
-<pkgmetadata>
- <maintainer type="project">
- <email>haskell@gentoo.org</email>
- <name>Gentoo Haskell</name>
- </maintainer>
- <longdescription>
- Do you ever feel the need to test code involving bottoms (e.g. calls to
- the @error@ function), or code involving infinite values? Then this
- library could be useful for you.
-
- It is usually easy to get a grip on bottoms by showing a value and
- waiting to see how much gets printed before the first exception is
- encountered. However, that quickly gets tiresome and is hard to automate
- using e.g. QuickCheck
- (&lt;http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~rjmh/QuickCheck/&gt;). With this library you
- can do the tests as simply as the following examples show.
-
- Testing explicitly for bottoms:
-
- [@&gt; isBottom (head [\])@] @True@
-
- [@&gt; isBottom bottom@] @True@
-
- [@&gt; isBottom (\\_ -&gt; bottom)@] @False@
-
- [@&gt; isBottom (bottom, bottom)@] @False@
-
- Comparing finite, partial values:
-
- [@&gt; ((bottom, 3) :: (Bool, Int)) ==! (bottom, 2+5-4)@] @True@
-
- [@&gt; ((bottom, bottom) :: (Bool, Int)) &lt;! (bottom, 8)@] @True@
-
- Showing partial and infinite values (@\\\/!@ is join and @\/\\!@ is meet):
-
- [@&gt; approxShow 4 $ (True, bottom) \\\/! (bottom, \'b\')@] @\"Just (True, \'b\')\"@
-
- [@&gt; approxShow 4 $ (True, bottom) \/\\! (bottom, \'b\')@] @\"(_|_, _|_)\"@
-
- [@&gt; approxShow 4 $ ([1..\] :: [Int\])@] @\"[1, 2, 3, _\"@
-
- [@&gt; approxShow 4 $ (cycle [bottom\] :: [Bool\])@] @\"[_|_, _|_, _|_, _\"@
-
- Approximately comparing infinite, partial values:
-
- [@&gt; approx 100 [2,4..\] ==! approx 100 (filter even [1..\] :: [Int\])@] @True@
-
- [@&gt; approx 100 [2,4..\] \/=! approx 100 (filter even [bottom..\] :: [Int\])@] @True@
-
- The code above relies on the fact that @bottom@, just as @error
- \"...\"@, @undefined@ and pattern match failures, yield
- exceptions. Sometimes we are dealing with properly non-terminating
- computations, such as the following example, and then it can be nice to
- be able to apply a time-out:
-
- [@&gt; timeOut' 1 (reverse [1..5\])@] @Value [5,4,3,2,1]@
-
- [@&gt; timeOut' 1 (reverse [1..\])@] @NonTermination@
-
- The time-out functionality can be used to treat \"slow\" computations as
- bottoms:
-
- [@&gt; let tweak = Tweak &amp;#x7b; approxDepth = Just 5, timeOutLimit = Just 2 &amp;#x7d;@]
-
- [@&gt; semanticEq tweak (reverse [1..\], [1..\]) (bottom :: [Int\], [1..\] :: [Int\])@] @True@
-
- [@&gt; let tweak = noTweak &amp;#x7b; timeOutLimit = Just 2 &amp;#x7d;@]
-
- [@&gt; semanticJoin tweak (reverse [1..\], True) ([\] :: [Int\], bottom)@] @Just ([],True)@
-
- This can of course be dangerous:
-
- [@&gt; let tweak = noTweak &amp;#x7b; timeOutLimit = Just 0 &amp;#x7d;@]
-
- [@&gt; semanticEq tweak (reverse [1..100000000\]) (bottom :: [Integer\])@] @True@
-
- Timeouts can also be applied to @IO@ computations:
-
- [@&gt; let primes = unfoldr (\\(x:xs) -&gt; Just (x, filter ((\/= 0) . (\`mod\` x)) xs)) [2..\]@]
-
- [@&gt; timeOutMicro 100 (print $ filter ((== 1) . (\`mod\` 83)) primes)@] @[167,499,9NonTermination@
-
- [@&gt; timeOutMicro 100 (print $ take 6 $ filter ((== 1) . (\`mod\` 83)) primes)@] @[167,499,997,1163,1993NonTermination@
-
- [@&gt; timeOutMicro 100 (print $ take 6 $ filter ((== 1) . (\`mod\` 83)) primes)@] @[167,499,997,1163,1993,2657]@
-
- [@ @] @Value ()@
-
- For the underlying theory and a larger example involving use of
- QuickCheck, see the article \"Chasing Bottoms, A Case Study in Program
- Verification in the Presence of Partial and Infinite Values\"
- (&lt;http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~nad/publications/danielsson-jansson-mpc2004.html&gt;).
-
- The code has been tested using GHC. Most parts can probably be
- ported to other Haskell compilers, but this would require some work.
- The @TimeOut@ functions require preemptive scheduling, and most of
- the rest requires @Data.Generics@; @isBottom@ only requires
- exceptions, though.
- </longdescription>
-</pkgmetadata>